How to format your references using the Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

May, Mike. 2014. “Antibiotics.” Nature 509 (7498): S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rascón, C., and A. O. Parry. 2000. “Geometry-Dominated Fluid Adsorption on Sculpted Solid Substrates.” Nature 407 (6807): 986–989.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jan, Calvin H., Christopher C. Williams, and Jonathan S. Weissman. 2015. “LOCAL TRANSLATION. Response to Comment on ‘Principles of ER Cotranslational Translocation Revealed by Proximity-Specific Ribosome Profiling.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 348 (6240): 1217.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Min, Bumki, Eric Ostby, Volker Sorger, Erick Ulin-Avila, Lan Yang, Xiang Zhang, and Kerry Vahala. 2009. “High-Q Surface-Plasmon-Polariton Whispering-Gallery Microcavity.” Nature 457 (7228): 455–458.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Devolder, Pierre, Jacques Janssen, and Raimondo Manca. 2012. Stochastic Methods for Pension Funds. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Jiang, Qing. 2011. Thermodynamics of Materials. Edited by Zi Wen. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ripolles, Oscar, Julia Silla, Josep Pegueroles, Juan Saenz, José Simó, Cristina Sandoval, Mario Viktorov, and Ana Gomez. 2012. “A Context-Based Surveillance Framework for Large Infrastructures.” In Ambient Intelligence - Software and Applications: 3rd International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (ISAmI 2012), edited by Paulo Novais, Kasper Hallenborg, Dante I. Tapia, and Juan M. Corchado Rodríguez, 35–42. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Educational Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “Each Part Of The Brain Has Its Own Rhythmic ‘Fingerprint.’” IFLScience, IFLScience, July 3. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/each-part-of-the-brain-has-its-own-rhythmic-fingerprint/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Federal Transit Administration: Progress Made in Implementing Changes to the Job Access Program, but Evaluation and Oversight Processes Need Improvement. GAO-07-43. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Drake, Daniel Adam. 2013. “Viscoelastic Characterization of Vapor-Grown Carbon Nanofiber/Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites Using a Response Surface Methodology.” Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cardwell, Diane, and John Schwartz. 2017. “Exxon’s Accounting of Its Emissions Costs ‘May Be a Sham,’ New York State Says.” New York Times, June 2, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (May 2014).
This sentence cites two references (May 2014; Rascón and Parry 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rascón and Parry 2000)
Three authors: (Jan, Williams, and Weissman 2015)
4 or more authors: (Min et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0305-5698
ISSN (online)	1465-3400
Scope	Education