How to format your references using the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Efron B. Mathematics. Bayes’ theorem in the 21st century. Science 2013;340:1177–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zubkov MV, Tarran GA. High bacterivory by the smallest phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 2008;455:224–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shankar N, Baghdayan AS, Gilmore MS. Modulation of virulence within a pathogenicity island in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Nature 2002;417:746–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Peña PV, Davrazou F, Shi X, Walter KL, Verkhusha VV, Gozani O, et al. Molecular mechanism of histone H3K4me3 recognition by plant homeodomain of ING2. Nature 2006;442:100–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allman K, Nogales XED. Impact Investment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Frick J, Laugen BT, editors. Advances in Production Management Systems. Value Networks: Innovation, Technologies, and Management: IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2011, Stavanger, Norway, September 26-28, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 384. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Greene RE, Kim K-T, Krantz SG. Lie Groups Realized as Automorphism Groups. In: Kim K-T, Krantz SG, editors. The Geometry of Complex Domains. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2011. p. 135–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation.

Blog post

Carpineti A. AI Learns Nobel-Winning Experiment In An Hour ... And Then Improves It. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/ai-learns-nobel-winning-experiment-hour-and-then-improves-it/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: NASA’s Software Development Approach Increases Safety and Cost Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sindel J. Vulnerability towards disordered eating in students registered in general education nutrition classes. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2013; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Top General In Chechnya Is Fired. New York Times 2002:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation
Abbreviation	Effic. Mech. Eval.
ISSN (print)	2050-4365
ISSN (online)	2050-4373
Scope