How to format your references using the Emergency Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emergency Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glikson A (2004) Comment on “Bedout: a possible end-Permian impact crater offshore of Northwestern Australia.” Science 306:613; author reply 613

A journal article with 2 authors

Snyder M, Gerstein M (2003) Genomics. Defining genes in the genomics era. Science 300:258–260

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Y, Zhang X, Cao D (2013) The role of shape complementarity in the protein-protein interactions. Sci Rep 3:3271

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Parmentier E, Colleye O, Fine ML, et al (2007) Sound production in the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii. Science 316:1006

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Young S, Smith J (2017) Helping Children with ADHD. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Kämäräinen J-K, Koskela M (2013) Image Analysis: 18th Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2013, Espoo, Finland, June 17-20, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Quay J, Seaman J (2013) Moving Past the Confusion. In: Quay J, Seaman J (eds) John Dewey and Education Outdoors: Making Sense of the ‘Educational Situation’ through more than a Century of Progressive Reforms. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 61–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emergency Radiology.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Prints From Duck-Billed Dino Herd Found in Alaska. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) School Accreditation: Activities of Seven Agencies That Accredit Proprietary Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robles B (2009) Academic achievement among foster care children with a disability: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fisher L (2008) QUOTATION OF THE DAY. New York Times A2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emergency Radiology
Abbreviation	Emerg. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	1070-3004
ISSN (online)	1438-1435
Scope	Emergency Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging