How to format your references using the Emerging Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emerging Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Clearing your own path. Nature. 2002 Nov 28;420(6914):3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Djupedal I, Ekwall K. Molecular biology. The paradox of silent heterochromatin. Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):624–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Laepple T, Werner M, Lohmann G. Synchronicity of Antarctic temperatures and local solar insolation on orbital timescales. Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):91–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

McLean CY, Reno PL, Pollen AA, Bassan AI, Capellini TD, Guenther C, et al. Human-specific loss of regulatory DNA and the evolution of human-specific traits. Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):216–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wu Z. Software VNA and Microwave Network Design and Characterisation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007.

An edited book

Quintela Varajão JE, Cruz-Cunha MM, Putnik GD, Trigo A, editors. ENTERprise Information Systems: International Conference, CENTERIS 2010, Viana do Castelo, Portugal, October 20-22, 2010, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. XX, 467 p. 133 illus. (Communications in Computer and Information Science; vol. 110).

A chapter in an edited book

Khot R, Poola R, Kothapalli K, Srinathan K. Self-stabilizing Routing Algorithms for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. In: Janowski T, Mohanty H, editors. Distributed Computing and Internet Technology: 4th International Conference, ICDCIT 2007, Bangalore, India, December 17-20 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 54–66. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Lone Porcupine Skillfully Defends Himself Against 17 Hungry Lions. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/lone-porcupine-skillfully-defends-himself-against-17-hungry-lions/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Administration: Fugitive Felon Program Could Benefit from Better Use of Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Sep. Report No.: GAO-02-346.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wang X. Inferences on Gamma Distributions: Uncensored and Censored Cases [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Harry Styles Tops Billboard Chart. New York Times. 2017 May 22;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	Emerg. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
Scope	Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)