How to format your references using the Empirical Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirical Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bonetta L (2006) Protein purification: cell or cell-free? Nature 439:1019

A journal article with 2 authors

Klein ML, Shinoda W (2008) Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of self-assembling systems. Science 321:798–800

A journal article with 3 authors

Sadeghi O, Zakharov LN, Nyman M (2015) Crystal growth. Aqueous formation and manipulation of the iron-oxo Keggin ion. Science 347:1359–1362

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kosynkin DV, Higginbotham AL, Sinitskii A, et al (2009) Longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes to form graphene nanoribbons. Nature 458:872–876

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good PI (2005) Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and Microsoft Office Excel ®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Swenson ER, Bärtsch P (eds) (2014) High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Scozzari S, Gamberini L (2011) Virtual Reality as a Tool for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review. In: Brahnam S, Jain LC (eds) Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 6. Virtual Reality in Psychotherapy, Rehabilitation, and Assessment. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 63–108

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirical Economics.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) The Quest For The World’s Hottest Chilli. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Software Distribution: Review of the Department of Energy’s National Energy Software Center. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mullin Piette AJ (2010) Dialogic encounters among health care providers in pediatric critical care: A qualitative, collective case study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2001) A Seminary’s Proud Tower Brings Unease to Neighbors. New York Times 145

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bonetta 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Bonetta 2006; Klein and Shinoda 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Klein and Shinoda 2008)
Three or more authors: (Kosynkin et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirical Economics
Abbreviation	Empir. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0377-7332
ISSN (online)	1435-8921
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Mathematics (miscellaneous) Statistics and Probability Social Sciences (miscellaneous)