How to format your references using the Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Quinlan RA (2015) DRUG DISCOVERY. A new dawn for cataracts. Science 350:636–637

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang WY, Gruebele M (2003) Folding at the speed limit. Nature 423:193–197

A journal article with 3 authors

Monje ML, Toda H, Palmer TD (2003) Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Science 302:1760–1765

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Audero E, Coppi E, Mlinar B, et al (2008) Sporadic autonomic dysregulation and death associated with excessive serotonin autoinhibition. Science 321:130–133

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kricheldorf HR (2012) Menschen und ihre Materialien. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Awad AG, Voruganti LNP (eds) (2016) Beyond Assessment of Quality of Life in Schizophrenia. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Tarantino U, Resmini G (2011) Valutazione dei pazienti con fratture da fragilità e/o con bassa BMD (T-score<-2,5) in presenza di uno o più fattori di rischio. In: Resmini G (ed) La gestione delle fratture da fragilità ossea: Raccomandazioni per chirurghi ortopedici. Springer, Milano, pp 19–19

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Scientists Produce Most Accurate Map Ever Of Mammoth Ranges. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mammoth-range-mammoth-revealed/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Army’s FY 1980 Programs for Procuring Conventional Ammunition, Modernization, and Expansion. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beahm AC (2009) The political ecology of tourism development in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker AL, Mueller B (2016) A Shooting, the Hospital and Then, Months Later, a Homicide. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Quinlan 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Yang and Gruebele 2003; Quinlan 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yang and Gruebele 2003)
Three or more authors: (Audero et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training
Abbreviation	Empir. Res. Vocat. Educ. Train.
ISSN (online)	1877-6345
Scope	Education