How to format your references using the Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Trainor L. Science & music: the neural roots of music. Nature 2008;453:598–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Meder D, Simons K. Cell biology. Ras on the roundabout. Science 2005;307:1731–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Akiyama K, Matsuzaki K-I, Hayashi H. Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature 2005;435:824–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Forgues J-C, Sane FB, Blanchard S, Spietz L, Lupien C, Reulet B. Noise intensity-intensity correlations and the fourth cumulant of photo-assisted shot noise. Sci Rep 2013;3:2869.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bernstein L, Yuhas CM. Trustworthy Systems through Quantitative Software Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Dang TK, Wagner R, Neuhold E, Takizawa M, Küng J, Thoai N, editors. Future Data and Security Engineering: First International Conference, FDSE 2014, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, November 19-21, 2014, Proceedings. vol. 8860. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hussain OK, Dillon TS, Hussain FK, Chang EJ. Risk Identification in Business Activities. In: Dillon TS, Hussain FK, Chang EJ, editors. Risk Assessment and Management in the Networked Economy, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 85–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Adorable Baby Sloth Born At London Zoo. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cute-baby-sloth-born-london-zoo/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. TQM Implementation at NASA. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ziegler RT. The Impact of Strategic Planning Involvement on Employee Engagement in a Federal Public Health Agency. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

McKINLEY JC Jr. For Bronx, Officer’s Indictment Makes Good on Prosecutor’s Plea for Patience. New York Times 2017:A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy
Abbreviation	Energy (Oxf.)
ISSN (print)	0360-5442
Scope	General Energy Pollution