How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

May RM. Ecology. Tropical arthropod species, more or less? Science 2010;329:41–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bitz CM, Fu Q. Arctic warming aloft is data set dependent. Nature 2008;455:E3-4; discussion E4-5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Baum P, Yang D-S, Zewail AH. 4D visualization of transitional structures in phase transformations by electron diffraction. Science 2007;318:788–92.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Chen Y, Au J, Kazlas P, Ritenour A, Gates H, McCreary M. Electronic paper: Flexible active-matrix electronic ink display. Nature 2003;423:136.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Nicholls DL, Piergrossi JC, Gibertoni C de S, Daniel MA. Psychoanalytic Thinking in Occupational Therapy. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Stamm M, editor. Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces: Characterization, Modification and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Alvandi P, Maza MM, Schost É, Vrbik P. A Standard Basis Free Algorithm for Computing the Tangent Cones of a Space Curve. In: Gerdt VP, Koepf W, Seiler WM, Vorozhtsov EV, editors. Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing: 17th International Workshop, CASC 2015, Aachen, Germany, September 14-18, 2015, Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 45–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. Two Faults Beneath California Are Connected In A Destructive Embrace. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/two-faults-beneath-san-francisco-connected-destructve-embrace/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Polar Satellites: NOAA Faces Challenges and Uncertainties that Could Affect the Availability of Critical Weather Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Buckley KM. Diversity and evolution of 185/333, an immune -related gene family from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Megyn Kelly and Douglas Brunt. New York Times 2008:ST13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management
Abbreviation	Energy Convers. Manag.
ISSN (print)	0196-8904
Scope	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Nuclear Energy and Engineering Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment