How to format your references using the Energy, Ecology and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Ecology and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Romm J (2011) Desertification: The next dust bowl. Nature 478:450–451

A journal article with 2 authors

Heyduk AF, Nocera DG (2001) Hydrogen produced from hydrohalic acid solutions by a two-electron mixed-valence photocatalyst. Science 293:1639–1641

A journal article with 3 authors

Komatitsch D, Ritsema J, Tromp J (2002) The spectral-element method, Beowulf computing, and global seismology. Science 298:1737–1742

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mora C, Chittaro PM, Sale PF, et al (2003) Patterns and processes in reef fish diversity. Nature 421:933–936

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malcolm D (2012) The British and Irish Short Story Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wu Z, Chen C, Guo M, Bu J (eds) (2005) Embedded Software and Systems: First International Conference, ICESS 2004, Hangzhou, China, December 9-10, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Ravenhill J (2015) What Drives Regionalism in East Asia—And Why It Matters. In: Antons C, Hilty RM (eds) Intellectual Property and Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 87–108

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Ecology and Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) MPs Vote No On Assisted Dying – So What Are The Arguments For And Against? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mps-vote-no-assisted-dying-so-what-are-arguments-and-against/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Aviation Safety: FAA Has Increased Efforts to Address Runway Incursions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boyd JL (2017) Interactive simulations: Improving learning retention in knowledge-based online training courses. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) It’s Delectable, It’s Delirious, Or Maybe It’s Only Dopamine. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Romm 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Heyduk and Nocera 2001; Romm 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Heyduk and Nocera 2001)
Three or more authors: (Mora et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Ecology and Environment
Abbreviation	Energy Ecol. Environ.
ISSN (print)	2363-7692
ISSN (online)	2363-8338
Scope