How to format your references using the Energy Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gal-Yam, A., 2012. Luminous supernovae. Science 337, 927–932.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pagès, V., Fuchs, R.P., 2003. Uncoupling of leading- and lagging-strand DNA replication during lesion bypass in vivo. Science 300, 1300–1303.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lowman, M., D’Avanzo, C., Brewer, C., 2009. Ecology. A national ecological network for research and education. Science 323, 1172–1173.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lelouard, H., Gatti, E., Cappello, F., Gresser, O., Camosseto, V., Pierre, P., 2002. Transient aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins during dendritic cell maturation. Nature 417, 177–182.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gamenara, D., Seoane, G.A., Saenz-Méndez, P., de María, P.D., 2012. Redox Biocatalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kennelly, S.J. (Ed.), 2007. By-catch Reduction in the World’s Fisheries, Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Higgott, R., 2012. Economic Multilateralism: A Search for Legitimacy and Coherence in the Early Twenty-first Century, in: Telò, M. (Ed.), State, Globalization and Multilateralism: The Challenges of Institutionalizing Regionalism. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 61–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Reports.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2016. Is The Zika Panic Over? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/zika-panic-over/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2015. Public-Safety Broadband Network: FirstNet Should Strengthen Internal Controls and Evaluate Lessons Learned (No. GAO-15-407). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rutherford, C., 2010. The education of Dr. Khalil Totah (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kolomatsky, M., 2017. Everyone’s Got a Different Dream. New York Times RE2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gal-Yam, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Gal-Yam, 2012; Pagès and Fuchs, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pagès and Fuchs, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Lelouard et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Reports
ISSN (print)	2352-4847
Scope	General Energy