How to format your references using the Engineering Optimization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Optimization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paddock, Steve. 2002. “Tech.Sight. Optical Sectioning--Slices of Life.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295 (5558): 1319–1321.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tsai, Lulu, and Gilad Barnea. 2014. “A Critical Period Defined by Axon-Targeting Mechanisms in the Murine Olfactory Bulb.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 344 (6180): 197–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hammami, Amer, Nathalie Raymond, and Michel Armand. 2003. “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Runaway Risk of Forming Toxic Compounds.” Nature 424 (6949): 635–636.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Shimono, Kohei, Kazuto Fujishima, Takafumi Nomura, Masayoshi Ohashi, Tadao Usui, Mineko Kengaku, Atsushi Toyoda, and Tadashi Uemura. 2014. “An Evolutionarily Conserved Protein CHORD Regulates Scaling of Dendritic Arbors with Body Size.” Scientific Reports 4 (March 2014): 4415.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bakshi, Amol B., and Viktor K. Prasanna. 2007. Architecture-Independent Programming for Wireless Sensor Networks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Johnston, Robert J., John Rolfe, Randall S. Rosenberger, and Roy Brouwer, eds. 2015. Benefit Transfer of Environmental and Resource Values: A Guide for Researchers and Practitioners. Vol. 14. The Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Carter, Paul. 2016. “Ghosting: Putting the Volume into Screen Memory.” In Contemporary Publics: Shifting Boundaries in New Media, Technology and Culture, edited by P. David Marshall, Glenn D’Cruz, Sharyn McDonald, and Katja Lee, 61–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Optimization.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Liberia Hit with More Ebola Cases as Virus Resurfaces.” IFLScience, IFLScience, July 3.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1995. Electromagnetic Interference with Medical Devices. RCED-95-96R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arguello, Ivelise Margaret. 2010. “Circle of Sisters Summer Program: A Grant-Writing Project.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess, Ben. 2017. “From the London Whale to Wells Fargo, a Bank Regulator Looks Back.” New York Times, May 5, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Paddock 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Paddock 2002; Tsai and Barnea 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tsai and Barnea 2014)
Three authors: (Hammami, Raymond, and Armand 2003)
4 or more authors: (Shimono et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Optimization
Abbreviation	Eng. Optim.
ISSN (print)	0305-215X
ISSN (online)	1029-0273
Scope	Computer Science Applications Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Applied Mathematics Control and Optimization