How to format your references using the Engineering Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sutherland WJ. The best solution. Nature 2005;435:569.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bilham R, England P. Plateau “pop-up” in the great 1897 Assam earthquake. Nature 2001;410:806–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Otto A, White JD, Simoneit BRT. Natural product terpenoids in Eocene and Miocene conifer fossils. Science 2002;297:1543–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Schultz D, Lu M, Stavropoulos T, Onuchic J, Ben-Jacob E. Turning oscillations into opportunities: lessons from a bacterial decision gate. Sci Rep 2013;3:1668.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Perez A. VoLTE and ViLTE. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Krogstie J, Opdahl AL, Brinkkemper S, editors. Conceptual Modelling in Information Systems Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kerzner DS, Chodikoff DW. International Tax Enforcement in the United States. In: Chodikoff DW, editor. International Tax Evasion in the Global Information Age, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 153–205.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Structures.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Garage Biotech: New Drugs Using Only A Computer, The Internet And Free Online Data. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/garage-biotech-new-drugs-using-only-computer-internet-and-free-online-data/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Battlefield Automation: Better Justification and Testing Needed for Common Computer Acquisition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Garcia AD. Long-term shifts in adolescent Nicotine reward following early methylphenidate exposure in male and female rats. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Scandinavian Cool That Warmed New York. New York Times 2011:B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Structures
Abbreviation	Eng. Struct.
ISSN (print)	0141-0296
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering