How to format your references using the Environment, Development and Sustainability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment, Development and Sustainability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roberts, R. G. (2014). Ecology. A pardon for the dingo. Science (New York, N.Y.), 343(6167), 142–143.

A journal article with 2 authors

Droser, M. L., & Gehling, J. G. (2012). Paleontology. Old and groovy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6089), 1646–1647.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bell, E., Rowen, L., & Hood, L. (2000). Publication rights for sequence data producers. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5497), 1696b–8b.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Chen, J., Li, X., Cheng, C., Wang, Y., Qin, M., Zhu, H., et al. (2014). Characterization of epistatic interaction of QTLs LH8 and EH3 controlling heading date in rice. Scientific reports, 4, 4263.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Safonov, V. O. (2016). Trustworthy Cloud Computing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

AbuRahma, A. F., & Bergan, J. J. (Eds.). (2007). Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to Therapy (Second Edition.). London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Borsdorf, A., & Stadel, C. (2015). Ethnic and Demographic Structures and Processes. In C. Stadel (Ed.), The Andes: A Geographical Portrait (pp. 133–154). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment, Development and Sustainability.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, July 12). Elon Musk Has A 'Top Secret Tesla Masterplan” Coming This Week. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/elon-musk-has-a-top-secret-tesla-masterplan-coming-this-week/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Schools Closed Since l969 as a Result of Actions To Promote Racial Balance (No. B-164031(1)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia, A. D. (2013). Long-term shifts in adolescent Nicotine reward following early methylphenidate exposure in male and female rats (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dobbins, J., & Hornung, J. (2017, June 8). End the old war, finally. New York Times, p. 0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Roberts 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Droser and Gehling 2012; Roberts 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Droser and Gehling 2012)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment, Development and Sustainability
Abbreviation	Environ. Dev. Sustain.
ISSN (print)	1387-585X
ISSN (online)	1573-2975
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development