How to format your references using the Environmental Biology of Fishes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Biology of Fishes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thorne KS (2008) Retrospective: John Archibald Wheeler (1911-2008). Science 320:1603

A journal article with 2 authors

Velicogna I, Wahr J (2006) Acceleration of Greenland ice mass loss in spring 2004. Nature 443:329–331

A journal article with 3 authors

Carr S, Heard DE, Blitz MA (2009) Comment on “Atmospheric hydroxyl radical production from electronically excited NO2 and H2O.” Science 324:336; author reply 336

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jiao Z, Chen T, Xiong J, et al (2013) Visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances of Cr-doped SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructured nanotube arrays. Sci Rep 3:2720

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (1995) Guidelines for Safe Storage and Handling of Reactive Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Moscibroda T, Rescigno AA (eds) (2013) Structural Information and Communication Complexity: 20th International Colloquium, SIROCCO 2013, Ischia, Italy, July 1-3, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Jungmittag A (2008) Trends in Foreign Direct Investment. In: Meijers H, Dachs B, Welfens PJJ (eds) Internationalisation of European ICT Activities: Dynamics of Information and Communications Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 132–156

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Biology of Fishes.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Recently-Discovered Wasp Species Named For Harry Potter Creature. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/recently-discovered-wasp-species-named-harry-potter-creature/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Procedures and Policies of the Energy Research and Development Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hogg JH (2014) An assessment of social vulnerability in Yuba County, California. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S (2000) Gimelstob Works the Crowd. New York Times D4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thorne 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Velicogna and Wahr 2006; Thorne 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Velicogna and Wahr 2006)
Three or more authors: (Jiao et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Biology of Fishes
Abbreviation	Environ. Biol. Fishes
ISSN (print)	0378-1909
ISSN (online)	1573-5133
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics