How to format your references using the Environmental Chemistry Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Chemistry Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Binzel RP (2012) Planetary science. A golden spike for planetary science. Science 338:203–204

A journal article with 2 authors

Hamm JM, Hess O (2013) Physics. Two two-dimensional materials are better than one. Science 340:1298–1299

A journal article with 3 authors

Magnuson JJ, Safina C, Sissenwine MP (2001) Ecology and conservation. Whose fish are they anyway? Science 293:1267–1268

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bailes E, Gao F, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al (2003) Hybrid origin of SIV in chimpanzees. Science 300:1713

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Balan V, Neagu M (2011) Jet Single-Time Lagrange Geometry and Its Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ystad S, Aramaki M, Kronland-Martinet R, Jensen K (eds) (2011) Exploring Music Contents: 7th International Symposium, CMMR 2010, Málaga, Spain, June 21-24, 2010. Revised Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Roberts AR, Yeager KR (2012) Indicatori della predisposizione alla crisi da parte di una persona. In: Yeager KR (ed) Gli interventi sulla crisi: Una guida pratica. Springer, Milano, pp 11–11

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Chemistry Letters.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Beijing Is Sinking As Its Groundwater Dries Up. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/beijing-sinking-groundwater-dries-up/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Proprietary Schools: Poorer Student Outcomes at Schools That Rely More on Federal Student Aid. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Du L (2012) Economic model for vehicle ownership quota policy analysis. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG (2010) Super Powers: Turning a Dime Into a Million Bucks. New York Times WK2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Binzel 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Binzel 2012; Hamm and Hess 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hamm and Hess 2013)
Three or more authors: (Bailes et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Chemistry Letters
Abbreviation	Environ. Chem. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1610-3653
ISSN (online)	1610-3661
Scope	Environmental Chemistry