How to format your references using the Environmental Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ralph DC (2011) The electromotive force of MnAs nanoparticles. Nature 474:E6

A journal article with 2 authors

Miltat J, Thiaville A (2002) Ferromagnetism. Vortex cores--smaller than small. Science 298:555

A journal article with 3 authors

Kiger AA, White-Cooper H, Fuller MT (2000) Somatic support cells restrict germline stem cell self-renewal and promote differentiation. Nature 407:750–754

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bausch AR, Bowick MJ, Cacciuto A, et al (2003) Grain boundary scars and spherical crystallography. Science 299:1716–1718

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Utas G (2006) Robust Communications Software. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

O’Neil M (2015) Liver Pathology for Clinicians, 1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Caputo JS (2016) Peacebuilding through Dialogue in Northern Ireland. In: Roy S, Shaw IS (eds) Communicating Differences: Culture, Media, Peace and Conflict Negotiation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 54–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Evans K (2016) Burning Less Coal Means Less Mercury In Your Sushi. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/burning-less-coal-means-less-mercury-in-your-sushi/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Organization Conflict of Interest. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simon PR (2013) Gender grouping and its initial effect on a Title I upper elementary school during the pilot year of implementation. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vlasic B, Walsh MW (2012) G.M. Plans Big Buyouts For Retirees In Pension. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ralph 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Miltat and Thiaville 2002; Ralph 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Miltat and Thiaville 2002)
Three or more authors: (Bausch et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	Environ. Earth Sci.
ISSN (print)	1866-6280
ISSN (online)	1866-6299
Scope	Soil Science Earth-Surface Processes Geology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change Pollution Water Science and Technology