How to format your references using the Environmental Evidence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Evidence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hedin LO. Retrospective. F. Herbert Bormann (1922-2012). Science. 2012;337:534.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature. 2011;473:298–307.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Runnels LW, Yue L, Clapham DE. TRP-PLIK, a bifunctional protein with kinase and ion channel activities. Science. 2001;291:1043–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA, Kustka AB, Gobler CJ, Hutchins DA, Yang M, Lwiza K, et al. Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean. Nature. 2001;411:66–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Röpke G. Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

1. Pflug GC. Multistage Stochastic Optimization. Pichler A, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Painter RM. Sympathy for the Devil? A Historical Tour of Literature and Cultural Representation. In: Tymieniecka A-T, editor. The Enigma of Good and Evil; The Moral Sentiment in Literature. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. p. 65–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Evidence.

Blog post

1. Fang J. See-through, shatter-proof armor inspired by oysters [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/see-through-shatter-proof-armor-inspired-oysters/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Grant Monitoring: Department of Education Could Improve Its Processes with Greater Focus on Assessing Risks, Acquiring Financial Skills, and Sharing Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Nov. Report No.: GAO-10-57.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Litt D. Social networking sites and adolescent alcohol use: The role of social images, social norms, and social comparison [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Five Years Later, A Different Outcome. New York Times. 2011 Oct 5;B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Evidence
ISSN (online)	2047-2382
Scope