How to format your references using the Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wright, J., 2014. Nanotechnology: Deliver on a promise. Nature 509, S58-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

York, J.D., Hunter, T., 2004. Signal transduction. Unexpected mediators of protein phosphorylation. Science 306, 2053–2055.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hägglund, C., Grätzel, M., Kasemo, B., 2003. Comment on “efficient photochemical water splitting by a chemically modified n-TiO2” (II). Science 301, 1673; discussion 1673.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gilbert, W.V., Zhou, K., Butler, T.K., Doudna, J.A., 2007. Cap-independent translation is required for starvation-induced differentiation in yeast. Science 317, 1224–1227.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stamp, M., 2011. Information Security. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kell, P.M., 2012. International Students in the Asia Pacific: Mobility, Risks and Global Optimism, Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Schellekens, J., van Poppel, F., 2006. Religious differentials in marital fertility in The Hague (Netherlands), 1860–1909, in: Derosas, R., van Poppel, F. (Eds.), Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 59–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. NASA’s Upcoming Mars Rocket Completes Critical Design Review [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasas-upcoming-mars-rocket-passes-critical-design-review/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. VA Student Financial Aid: Management Actions Needed to Reduce Overlap in Approving Education and Training Programs and to Assess State Approving Agencies (No. GAO-07-384). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Romanek, J.L., 2009. The relative influence of sensation seeking and normal narcissism on academic cheating in emerging adults (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O., 2015. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times C21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wright, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Wright, 2014; York and Hunter, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (York and Hunter, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Gilbert et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0013-9351
Scope	Biochemistry General Environmental Science