How to format your references using the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rose KD. 2001. Evolution. The ancestry of whales. Science. 293(5538):2216–2217

A journal article with 2 authors

Burns NZ, Jacobsen EN. 2012. Organic chemistry: catalysis in tight spaces. Nature. 483(7389):278–279

A journal article with 3 authors

Moldoveanu T, Gehring K, Green DR. 2008. Concerted multi-pronged attack by calpastatin to occlude the catalytic cleft of heterodimeric calpains. Nature. 456(7220):404–408

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wilk T, Webster SC, Kuhn A, Rempe G. 2007. Single-atom single-photon quantum interface. Science. 317(5837):488–490

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferdjallah M. 2011. Introduction to Digital Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Yuan JX-J et al., editors. 2011. Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease. 1st ed. Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Niephaus C, Kretschmer M, Ghinea G, Hadzic S. 2015. Enabling Converged Satellite and Terrestrial Access Networks. In: Nungu A, Pehrson B, Sansa-Otim J, editors. e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: 6th International Conference, AFRICOMM 2014, Kampala, Uganda, November 24-25, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing; p 43–52 (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. IFLScience; [accessed 2018 Oct 30]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1979. Immigration and Naturalization Service Proposed Procurement of Automated Data Processing Equipment To Streamline and Update Office Procedures. U.S. Government Printing Office. Report No.: 109955.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright MW. 2017. The Louisiana Teacher Assault Pay Statute: An Analysis of Court Decisions Interpreting the Statute and a Comparative Study of Teacher Assault Pay Statutes in Other States [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. 2010. A Gifted Talker Is Speaking Out. New York Times. SP2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rose 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Rose 2001; Burns and Jacobsen 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Burns and Jacobsen 2012)
Three or more authors: (Wilk et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Abbreviation	Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
ISSN (print)	0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
Scope	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis