How to format your references using the EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Scott AR. Polymers: Secrets from the deep sea. Nature. 2015;519:S12-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Beghein C, Trampert J. Robust normal mode constraints on inner-core anisotropy from model space search. Science. 2003;299:552–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bruhn D, Groebner N, Kohlstedt DL. An interconnected network of core-forming melts produced by shear deformation. Nature. 2000;403:883–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mamdouh Z, Chen X, Pierini LM, Maxfield FR, Muller WA. Targeted recycling of PECAM from endothelial surface-connected compartments during diapedesis. Nature. 2003;421:748–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sahalos JN. Orthogonal Methods for Array Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Morari M, Thiele L, editors. Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control: 8th International Workshop, HSCC 2005, Zurich, Switzerland, March 9-11, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Trobaugh JJ, Lowe M. Moving Data. In: Lowe M, editor. Winning LEGO MINDSTORMS Programming. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2012. p. 57–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Propaganda Or Cost Of Innovation? The High Price Of New Drugs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/propaganda-or-cost-innovation-high-price-new-drugs/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: Improving the Use of Cooperative R&D Agreements at DOE’s Contractor-Operated Laboratories. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Apr. Report No.: RCED-94-91.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Patrick NS. Employees’ Perceptions of Employers’ Response After Workplace Injury [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. New York Taxpayers Facing $200 Billion in Retiree Costs. New York Times. 2010 Oct 13;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics
ISSN (online)	2195-0008
Scope