How to format your references using the Ethics and Social Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics and Social Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Joppa, Lucas N. 2009. “Journal Club. An Ecologist Calls for a Citizen-Science ‘Wiki.’” Nature 459 (7247): 619.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ketting, R. F., and R. H. Plasterk. 2000. “A Genetic Link between Co-Suppression and RNA Interference in C. Elegans.” Nature 404 (6775): 296–298.

A journal article with 3 authors

Janetopoulos, C., T. Jin, and P. Devreotes. 2001. “Receptor-Mediated Activation of Heterotrimeric G-Proteins in Living Cells.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 291 (5512): 2408–2411.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Beck, Paul G., Josefina Montalban, Thomas Kallinger, Joris De Ridder, Conny Aerts, Rafael A. García, Saskia Hekker, et al. 2011. “Fast Core Rotation in Red-Giant Stars as Revealed by Gravity-Dominated Mixed Modes.” Nature 481 (7379): 55–57.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wood, Jason, William Brown, and Harry Howe. 2013. IT Auditing and Application Controls for Small and Mid-Sized Enterprises. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Law, Effie Lai-Chong, Ebba Thora Hvannberg, and Gilbert Cockton, eds. 2008. Maturing Usability: Quality in Software, Interaction and Value. Human-Computer Interaction Series. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nguyen, Phu H., Gregory Nain, Jacques Klein, Tejeddine Mouelhi, and Yves Le Traon. 2014. “Modularity and Dynamic Adaptation of Flexibly Secure Systems: Model-Driven Adaptive Delegation in Access Control Management.” In Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development XI, edited by Shigeru Chiba, Éric Tanter, Eric Bodden, Shahar Maoz, and Jörg Kienzle, 109–144. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, David Hutchison, Takeo Kanade, Josef Kittler, Jon M. Kleinberg, Alfred Kobsa, Friedemann Mattern, John C. Mitchell, et al. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics and Social Welfare.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Uncommon Virus Suspected in Severe Respiratory Illness in a Dozen States.” IFLScience, IFLScience, September 10. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/uncommon-virus-suspected-severe-respiratory-illnesses-dozen-states/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. National Airspace System: FAA Reauthorization Issues Are Critical to System Transformation and Operations. GAO-09-377T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grefe, Sarah E. 2013. “Plasmonic and Topological Insulator Nanostructures and Metamaterials Nanoscale Near-Field Investigations: Experiment and Theory.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, Sophia. 2015. “Filmmaker From Ukraine Sent to Prison by Russians.” New York Times, August 26, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Joppa 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Joppa 2009; Ketting and Plasterk 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ketting and Plasterk 2000)
Three authors: (Janetopoulos, Jin, and Devreotes 2001)
4 or more authors: (Beck et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics and Social Welfare
Abbreviation	Ethics Soc. Welf.
ISSN (print)	1749-6535
ISSN (online)	1749-6543
Scope	Philosophy Sociology and Political Science