How to format your references using the Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal (EBEM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clapham DE. Signal transduction. Hot and cold TRP ion channels. Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2228–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gfeller A, Farmer EE. Keeping the leaves green above us. Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1515–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang P, Cohen RE, Haule K. Effects of electron correlations on transport properties of iron at Earth’s core conditions. Nature. 2015 Jan 29;517(7536):605–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Horie S, Robbie SJ, Liu J, Wu WK, Ali RR, Bainbridge JW, et al. CD200R signaling inhibits pro-angiogenic gene expression by macrophages and suppresses choroidal neovascularization. Sci Rep. 2013 Oct 30;3:3072.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Meinert CL. Clinical Trials Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Hogan JA. Duration and Bandwidth Limiting: Prolate Functions, Sampling, and Applications. 1st Edition. Lakey J, editor. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2012. XVII, 258 p. 14 illus. (Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis).

A chapter in an edited book

Fisenko AI, Lemberg VF. Chromaticity Properties of Black-Body Radiation for Different Color Spaces. In: Lemberg VF, editor. Black-body Radiative, Thermodynamic, and Chromatic Functions: Tables in Finite Spectral Ranges. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 19–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Our Star Trek-Style Skin-Healing Technology Could Be The End Of Chronic Wounds. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/our-star-trek-style-skin-healing-technology-could-be-end-chronic-wounds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Supplemental Security Income Computerized System Development Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979 Oct. Report No.: HRD-80-5.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anderson JS. Boys in crisis: A grounded theory study of male high school dropouts in a rural setting [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. Archie Comic Picks Film and TV Writer for Top Creative Post. New York Times. 2014 Mar 3;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal
ISSN (print)	2151-805X
ISSN (online)	2151-8068
Scope