How to format your references using the Ethnography and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnography and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gutchess, Angela. 2014. “Plasticity of the Aging Brain: New Directions in Cognitive Neuroscience.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 346 (6209): 579–582.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gabaldón, Toni, and Martijn A. Huynen. 2003. “Reconstruction of the Proto-Mitochondrial Metabolism.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 301 (5633): 609.

A journal article with 3 authors

Conaway, Ronald C., Christopher S. Brower, and Joan Weliky Conaway. 2002. “Emerging Roles of Ubiquitin in Transcription Regulation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5571): 1254–1258.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Itatani, J., J. Levesque, D. Zeidler, Hiromichi Niikura, H. Pépin, J. C. Kieffer, P. B. Corkum, and D. M. Villeneuve. 2004. “Tomographic Imaging of Molecular Orbitals.” Nature 432 (7019): 867–871.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

English, James F. 2012. The Global Future of English Studies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Orellana, Guillermo, and Maria C. Moreno-Bondi, eds. 2005. Frontiers in Chemical Sensors: Novel Principles and Techniques. Vol. 3. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Methods and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Maricau, Elie, and Georges Gielen. 2013. “Analog IC Reliability Simulation.” In Analog IC Reliability in Nanometer CMOS, edited by Georges Gielen, 93–149. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnography and Education.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Anti Vaxxers Lose New York Court Battle.” IFLScience, IFLScience, June 25. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/anti-vaxxers-lose-new-york-court-battle/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Strategic Air Command: KC-135A Crash and the Need for SAC Air Show Regulations. NSIAD-88-172. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Breska, Jennifer. 2013. “Mentoring for Juvenile Gang Members and At-Risk Youth: A Grant Proposal Project.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, James. 2017. “Making Dystopia Fresh Again.” New York Times, April 24, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gutchess 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gutchess 2014; Gabaldón and Huynen 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gabaldón and Huynen 2003)
Three authors: (Conaway, Brower, and Conaway 2002)
4 or more authors: (Itatani et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnography and Education
ISSN (print)	1745-7823
ISSN (online)	1745-7831
Scope	Education Cultural Studies Gender Studies