How to format your references using the European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Agre P. The family naturalist. Nature 2010;467:S11.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gravitz L, Pincock S. Sickle-cell disease. Nature 2014;515:S1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Chabre M, Cone R, Saibil H. Biophysics: is rhodopsin dimeric in native retinal rods? Nature 2003;426:30–1; discussion 31.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yang H, Li J-J, Liu S, Zhao J, Jiang Y-J, Song A-X, et al. Aggregation of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3 sequesters its specific interacting partners into inclusions: implication in a loss-of-function pathology. Sci Rep 2014;4:6410.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Davis M, McKimm J, Forrest K. How to Assess Doctors and Health Professionals. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Okumura M, Bekki D, Satoh K, editors. New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence: JSAI-isAI 2011 Workshops, LENLS, JURISIN, ALSIP, MiMI, Takamatsu, Japan, December 1-2, 2011. Revised Selected Papers. vol. 7258. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Usman Akram M, Khan A, Iqbal K, Butt WH. Retinal Images: Optic Disk Localization and Detection. In: Campilho A, Kamel M, editors. Image Analysis and Recognition: 7th International Conference, ICIAR 2010, Póvoa de Varzin, Portugal, June 21-23, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010, p. 40–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Indonesia Continues To Burn As Warships Are Put On Standby For Evacuations. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/indonesia-continues-burn-warships-are-put-standby-evacuations/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Factors Could Limit the Effectiveness of the Transportation Security Administration’s Efforts to Secure Aerial Advertising Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Gilbert SA. Succession Planning Relating to the Millennial Generation in Private Four-Year Universities. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Apuzzo M, Risen J. Plan to Revive Waterboarding Faces Obstacles. New York Times 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck diseases
Abbreviation	Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis.
ISSN (print)	1879-7296
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery