How to format your references using the European Journal of Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duncan M (2009) Astronomy. Re-viewing an old comet reservoir. Science 325:1211–1212

A journal article with 2 authors

Whitson JA, Galinsky AD (2008) Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science 322:115–117

A journal article with 3 authors

Janjić V, Sharan R, Pržulj N (2014) Modelling the yeast interactome. Sci Rep 4:4273

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hwang UW, Friedrich M, Tautz D, et al (2001) Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates. Nature 413:154–157

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu Z, Nandi AK (2014) Automatic Modulation Classification. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Huggan G, Jensen L (eds) (2016) Postcolonial Perspectives on the European High North: Unscrambling the Arctic. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Backhaus M, Miedany YE (2015) Ankylosing Spondylitis. In: El Miedany Y (ed) Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography in Rheumatic Diseases. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 89–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Ageing.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Iron Disrupts Appetite Hormone, Possibly Triggering Obesity. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/iron-disrupts-appetite-hormone-possibly-triggering-obesity/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Leadership and Systems Needed to Effect Financial Management Improvements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen D (2009) Deus-ex-machina: A modern skeptic’s relentless scrutiny of the production of ethics in post-colonial literature and postcolonialism. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) Doomed Youth, Potent Despair. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Duncan 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Whitson and Galinsky 2008; Duncan 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Whitson and Galinsky 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hwang et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Ageing
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Ageing
ISSN (print)	1613-9372
ISSN (online)	1613-9380
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Health(social science)