How to format your references using the European Journal of Applied Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Applied Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check E (2004) Retraction signals end of cell-biology debate. Nature 427:574

A journal article with 2 authors

Vähärautio A, Taipale J (2014) Cancer. Cancer by super-enhancer. Science 346:1291–1292

A journal article with 3 authors

Laxon S, Peacock N, Smith D (2003) High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region. Nature 425:947–950

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Raoult D, Audic S, Robert C, et al (2004) The 1.2-megabase genome sequence of Mimivirus. Science 306:1344–1350

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wartenberg TE (2013) A Sneetch Is a Sneetch and Other Philosophical Discoveries. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Bader M (2006) CASE AND LINKING IN LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION: Evidence from German. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Carlson K (2015) Clefting, Parallelism, and Focus in Ellipsis Sentences. In: Frazier L, Gibson E (eds) Explicit and Implicit Prosody in Sentence Processing: Studies in Honor of Janet Dean Fodor. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 63–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Applied Physiology.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Instead Of Lapping It Up, Bat Tongues Pump Nectar Into Their Mouths. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Federal Funds: Fiscal Year 2001 Expenditures by Selected Organizations Involved in Health-Related Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Harris KR (2010) The need for social workers in community clinic settings: A grant writing project. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG (2013) Superman at 75: Still Going Strong. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Check 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Check 2004; Vähärautio and Taipale 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vähärautio and Taipale 2014)
Three or more authors: (Raoult et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327
Scope	Physiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical)