How to format your references using the European Journal of Business and Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Business and Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gibson, D. R. (2012). Nuclear deterrence: decisions at the brink. Nature, 487(7405), 27–29.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carbone, F. R., & Gebhardt, T. (2014). Immunology. A neighborhood watch upholds local immune protection. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6205), 40–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang, J.-W., Zhuang, X., & Rabczuk, T. (2013). Orientation dependent thermal conductance in single-layer MoS2. Scientific Reports, 3, 2209.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Schneider, H., Downey, J., Smith, A., Zinselmeyer, B. H., Rush, C., Brewer, J. M., Wei, B., Hogg, N., Garside, P., & Rudd, C. E. (2006). Reversal of the TCR stop signal by CTLA-4. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5795), 1972–1975.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vignes, A. (2013). Extractive Metallurgy 3. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Healy, L. (2015). Atlas of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Culture (L. Ruban, Ed.). Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Harmon-Jones, E., Peterson, C. K., & Harmon-Jones, C. (2010). Anger, Motivation, and Asymmetrical Frontal Cortical Activations. In M. Potegal, G. Stemmler, & C. Spielberger (Eds.), International Handbook of Anger: Constituent and Concomitant Biological, Psychological, and Social Processes (pp. 61–78). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Business and Economics.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, June 20). Parasitic Worm Discovered In Ancient Tomb. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/parasitic-worm-discovered-ancient-tomb/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Fiscal Year 2014 Agreed-Upon Procedures: Excise Tax Distributions to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund and the Highway Trust Fund (GAO-15-152R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Collinsworth, B. M. (2014). Hospital to housing: A grant proposal for specialized discharge planning services for people who are homeless [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ganz, C., & Leland, J. (2017, May 18). Chris Cornell, Frontman for Soundgarden and Audioslave, Dies at 52. New York Times, B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gibson, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Carbone & Gebhardt, 2014; Gibson, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Carbone & Gebhardt, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Schneider et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Business and Economics
ISSN (print)	1804-5839
ISSN (online)	1804-9699
Scope