How to format your references using the European Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gutiérrez RA. Systems biology for enhanced plant nitrogen nutrition. Science 2012;336:1673–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Spencer MK, Zare RN. Comment on “Organics captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft.” Science 2007;317:1680; author reply 1680.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lykke-Andersen J, Shu MD, Steitz JA. Communication of the position of exon-exon junctions to the mRNA surveillance machinery by the protein RNPS1. Science 2001;293:1836–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Helgason A, Pálsson S, Gudbjartsson DF, Kristjánsson T, Stefánsson K. An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples. Science 2008;319:813–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Saleh SA, Rahman MA. An Introduction to Wavelet Modulated Inverters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Morava E, Baumgartner M, Patterson M, Rahman S, Zschocke J, Peters V, editors. JIMD Reports, Volume 29. vol. 29. 1st ed. 2016. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Farnell J, Crookes PI. Investment. In: Irwin Crookes P, editor. The Politics of EU-China Economic Relations: An Uneasy Partnership, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016, p. 95–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Whale Microbiomes Hint At Their Evolutionary Past. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/whale-microbiomes-hint-their-evolutionary-past/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Projects: Some Federal and State Practices to Expedite Completion Show Promise. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lara C. Bullying victimization among adolescent students: A qualitative study. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly M. THE 1992 ELECTIONS: CELEBRATION MAN IN THE NEWS: William Jefferson Blythe Clinton; A Man Who Wants to Be Liked, and Is. New York Times 1992:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0959-8049
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology