How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chien KR. Genomic circuits and the integrative biology of cardiac diseases. Nature. 2000 Sep 14;407(6801):227–32.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li J, Cheng JX. Direct visualization of de novo lipogenesis in single living cells. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 29;4:6807.

A journal article with 3 authors

Silvarolla MB, Mazzafera P, Fazuoli LC. Plant biochemistry: a naturally decaffeinated arabica coffee. Nature. 2004 Jun 24;429(6994):826.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schön JH, Dorget M, Beuran FC, Xu XZ, Arushanov E, Laguës M, et al. Field-induced superconductivity in a spin-ladder cuprate. Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2430–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alberty RA. Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Gunopulos D, Hofmann T, Malerba D, Vazirgiannis M, editors. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2011, Athens, Greece, September 5-9, 2011, Proceedings, Part III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. XXII, 663 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6913).

A chapter in an edited book

Buehl MM. Assessing the Multidimensionality of Students’ Epistemic Beliefs Across Diverse Cultures. In: Khine MS, editor. Knowing, Knowledge and Beliefs: Epistemological Studies across Diverse Cultures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. p. 65–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Atlantropa: The Colossal 1920s Plan To Dam The Mediterranean And Create A Supercontinent [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/atlantropa-colossal-1920s-plan-dam-mediterranean-and-create-supercontinent/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Spending Grant Funds More Efficiently Could Save Millions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Jun. Report No.: PSAD-80-58.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reese NE. The Ecomorphology of White-tailed Deer Lower Limb Bones Through the Holocene in Central North America [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Scouting Report. New York Times. 2010 Nov 11;E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0014-2972
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry General Medicine