How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton DD. We have touched the dust from dying stars. Nature 2000; 404: 329.

A journal article with 2 authors

Levison HF, Morbidelli A. The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune’s migration. Nature 2003; 426: 419–421.

A journal article with 3 authors

Waterhouse PM, Wang MB, Lough T. Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses. Nature 2001; 411: 834–842.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Huang Y, Zha G, Luo Q, Zhang J, Zhang F, Li X et al. The construction of hierarchical structure on Ti substrate with superior osteogenic activity and intrinsic antibacterial capability. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6172.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Islam MR, Islam JS, Zatzman GM, Mughal MAH, Rahman MS. The Greening of Pharmaceutical Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

Colombo J. Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction: Measurement, Indications, Therapies, and Outcomes. Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma T-M, Lyuu Y-D, Ti Y-W. An Efficient Algorithm for Finding Long Conserved Regions Between Genes. In: R. Berthold M, Glen RC, Fischer I (eds). Computational Life Sciences II: Second International Symposium, CompLife 2006, Cambridge, UK, September 27-29, 2006. Proceedings. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006, pp 42–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Blog post

Andrew E. Giant Methane Storms On Uranus. IFLScience. 2015.https://www.iflscience.com/space/giant-methane-storms-uranus/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Manager, the Government, and the Accounting Profession. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1968.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fu J. Tartuffe Lab: A developing work. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S. Suburban Touches With a Bustling Downtown. New York Times. 2017; : RE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
ISSN (print)	0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Nutrition and Dietetics