How to format your references using the European Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Stivers JT. Comment on “Uracil DNA glycosylase activity is dispensable for immunoglobulin class switch.” Science. 2004;306:2042; author reply 2042.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fainman Y, Porter G. Applied physics. Directing data center traffic. Science. 2013;342:202–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yano J-I, Talagrand O, Drossart P. Outer planets: Origins of atmospheric zonal winds. Nature. 2003;421:36.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kaspar BK, Lladó J, Sherkat N, Rothstein JD, Gage FH. Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Science. 2003;301:839–42.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hunt-Ahmed K. Contemporary Islamic Finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Boztaş S, Lu H-F (francis), editors. Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes: 17th International Symposium, AAECC-17, Bangalore, India, December 16-20, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sola NF. Reasons for the Current Failure of the European Union as an International Security Actor. In: Boening A, Kremer J-F, van Loon A, editors. Global Power Europe - Vol 1: Theoretical and Institutional Approaches to the EU’s External Relations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 73–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Genes Play An Important Role In Shaping Chimp Intelligence [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/genes-play-important-role-shaping-chimp-intelligence/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Polar Satellites: Agencies Need to Address Potential Gaps in Weather and Climate Data Coverage. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Sep. Report No.: GAO-11-945T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Woerner LC. Complicated grief: A case study of pathological bereavement [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Jun 16;MM18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0393-2990
ISSN (online)	1573-7284
Scope	Epidemiology