How to format your references using the European Journal of Heart Failure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Heart Failure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Primorac D. Information technology. Innovating education in Croatia. Science 2009;324:1650.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bollyky TJ, Bollyky PL. Science and government. Obama and the promotion of international science. Science 2012;338:610–612.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marsh AG, Maxson RE Jr, Manahan DT. High macromolecular synthesis with low metabolic cost in Antarctic sea urchin embryos. Science 2001;291:1950–1952.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang B, Gao L, Gao Y, Deng Y, Wang Y. Controllability and observability analysis for vertex domination centrality in directed networks. Sci Rep 2014;4:5399.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stack T, Ostrom LT, Wilhelmsen CA. Occupational Ergonomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Amid A, ed. Recombinant Enzymes - From Basic Science to Commercialization. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kardel T, Maquet P. 3 In Paris and France 1664-1665. In: Kardel T, Maquet P, eds. Nicolaus Steno: Biography and Original Papers of a 17th Century Scientist. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p115–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Heart Failure.

Blog post

Davis J. Researchers Find That Prawns Could Help Protect Against Bilharzia. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Online Access to Legislative Information

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez Gamez LI. New perspectives on the spatial analysis of urban employment distribution and commuting patterns: The cases of Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregon, Mexico

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz J. Tax Advice From Lawmakers and Lawbreakers. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Heart Failure
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Heart Fail.
ISSN (print)	1388-9842
ISSN (online)	1879-0844
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine