How to format your references using the European Journal of Population citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Population. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kauer, J. S. (2002). On the scents of smell in the salamander. Nature, 417(6886), 336–342.

A journal article with 2 authors

Drake, J. M., & Griffen, B. D. (2010). Early warning signals of extinction in deteriorating environments. Nature, 467(7314), 456–459.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bridgham, J. T., Ortlund, E. A., & Thornton, J. W. (2009). An epistatic ratchet constrains the direction of glucocorticoid receptor evolution. Nature, 461(7263), 515–519.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhang, H.-T., Chen, Z., Vicsek, T., Feng, G., Sun, L., Su, R., & Zhou, T. (2014). Route-dependent switch between hierarchical and egalitarian strategies in pigeon flocks. Scientific reports, 4, 5805.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krings, A., & Braham, R. R. (2008). Guide to Tendrillate Climbers of Costa Rican Mountains. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

An edited book

Leher, R., & Accioly, I. (Eds.). (2016). Commodifying Education: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Financialization of Education Policies in Brazil. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Salvadori, P. A. (2013). I radiofarmaci e la farmacopea. In G. Lucignani (Ed.), Sperimentazione e registrazione dei radiofarmaci: Normative e procedure (pp. 47–55). Milano: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Population.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, January 19). Unbelievable X-Rays Show Puppy Who Swallowed 8-Inch Kitchen Knife. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/unbelievable-xrays-show-puppy-who-swallowed-8inch-kitchen-knife/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Next Generation Air Transportation System: Linking Test Facilities Can Help Leverage Resources and Improve Technology Transfer Efforts (No. GAO-12-187T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pan, Y. (2010). Long-Term Effects of Higher-Quality Early Childhood Education for At-Risk Children on Their Later Development and Resilience (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, February 25). Bradley Logs Miles Before World Cup. New York Times, p. B18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kauer 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Drake and Griffen 2010; Kauer 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Drake and Griffen 2010)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Population
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Popul.
ISSN (print)	0168-6577
ISSN (online)	1572-9885
Scope	Demography