How to format your references using the European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jayaraman KS. India budgets for boost in research. Nature 2003; 422: 6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Amack JD, Manning ML. Knowing the boundaries: extending the differential adhesion hypothesis in embryonic cell sorting. Science 2012; 338: 212–215.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jones DL, Brewster RC, Phillips R. Promoter architecture dictates cell-to-cell variability in gene expression. Science 2014; 346: 1533–1536.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sharma RP, Ogale SB, Zhang ZH et al. Phase transitions in the incoherent lattice fluctuations in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). Nature 2000; 404: 736–740.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Held T. In-situ-Verfahren zur Boden- und Grundwassersanierung, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014.

An edited book

Sebban S, Gautier J, Ros D et al., editors. X-Ray Lasers 2012: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, 11–15 June 2012, Paris, France,. 2014[Online] Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Castellano R, Punzo G, Rocca A. Female Labour Force Participation and Selection Effect: Southern vs Eastern European Countries. In: Morlini I, Minerva T, Vichi M (Eds.) Advances in Statistical Models for Data Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; 35–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin).

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Why Do You Need Permission To Land On The Moon? In: IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018]. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/why-do-you-need-permission-to-land-on-the-moon/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. R&D Funding: The Department of Education in Perspective Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Day JP. Semirelativistic few body problems with matrix continued fraction methods [Doctoral dissertation] Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW, Robertson C. Just Before Deadline, County in Alabama Delays Bankruptcy Move. In: New York Times. 2011 Jul. 29 B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [2, 1].
This sentence cites four references [2, 1, 3, 4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Ultrasound (Ultraschall in der Medizin)
Abbreviation	Ultraschall Med.
ISSN (print)	0172-4614
ISSN (online)	1438-8782
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging