How to format your references using the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Robinson, K. (2006). Personal finance. Summer salary and other windfalls. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5792), 1455.

A journal article with 2 authors

Delaval, B., & Doxsey, S. (2008). Genetics. Dwarfism, where pericentrin gains stature. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5864), 732–733.

A journal article with 3 authors

Trail, D., Watson, E. B., & Tailby, N. D. (2011). The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth’s atmosphere. Nature, 480(7375), 79–82.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tang, Y., Katuri, V., Dillner, A., Mishra, B., Deng, C.-X., & Mishra, L. (2003). Disruption of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in ELF beta-spectrin-deficient mice. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5606), 574–577.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ahmad, K. (2005). Sourcebook of ATM and IP Internetworking. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Preneel, B., & Tavares, S. (Eds.). (2006). Selected Areas in Cryptography: 12th International Workshop, SAC 2005, Kingston, ON, Canada, August 11-12, 2005, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 3897). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Khattab, A., Perkins, D., & Bayoumi, M. (2013). Opportunistic Spectrum Access Challenges in Distributed Cognitive Radio Networks. In D. Perkins & M. Bayoumi (Eds.), Cognitive Radio Networks: From Theory to Practice (pp. 33–39). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, July 21). What Lies Beneath Antarctica’s Ice? Lakes, Life And The Grandest Of Canyons. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-lies-beneath-antarcticas-ice-lakes-life-and-the-grandest-of-canyons/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Commuter Rail Service in Wisconsin and Illinois (No. RCED-97-29R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cady, S. C. (2013). Successful student goal completion: A community college case study (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2011, October 9). In Schools, Yoga Without the Spiritual. New York Times, p. MB4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Robinson 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Delaval and Doxsey 2008; Robinson 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Delaval and Doxsey 2008)
Three or more authors: (Tang et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Crim. Pol. Res.
ISSN (print)	0928-1371
ISSN (online)	1572-9869
Scope	Law