How to format your references using the European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (EJPRM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Giessibl FJ. Chemistry. Seeing the Reaction. Science 2013;340:1417–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lendlein A, Langer R. Biodegradable, Elastic Shape-Memory Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications. Science 2002;296:1673–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ellwood MJ, Wille M, Maher W. Glacial Silicic Acid Concentrations in the Southern Ocean. Science 2010;330:1088–91.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Porco CC, Thomas PC, Weiss JW, Richardson DC. Saturn’s Small Inner Satellites: Clues to Their Origins. Science 2007;318:1602–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Weiss A. Getting Started in Consulting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

1. Fränti P, Brown G, Loog M, Escolano F, Pelillo M, editors. Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition: Joint IAPR International Workshop, S+SSPR 2014, Joensuu, Finland, August 20-22, 2014. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lenzenweger MF. Schizotypy: Reflections on the Bridge to Schizophrenia and Obstacles on the Road Ahead to Etiology and Pathogenesis. In: Ritsner MS (editor). Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume I: Conceptual Issues and Neurobiological Advances. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p.127–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Make Huge Step Forward In Understanding How The Brain Processes Emotions [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/researchers-make-huge-step-forward-understanding-how-brain-processes-emotions/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Electronic Government: Funding of the Office of Management and Budget’s Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Puhr RA. Evolution of the Sparse Inflorescence1 Lineage in Grasses. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Fernandez M, Fausset R. Houston Mayor’s Grave Dilemma: Whether to Tell Residents to Stay or Go. 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
ISSN (print)	1973-9087
ISSN (online)	1973-9095
Scope