How to format your references using the Evolving Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Evolving Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lander ES (2011) Initial impact of the sequencing of the human genome. Nature 470:187–197

A journal article with 2 authors

Grumbine RE, Pandit MK (2013) Ecology. Threats from India’s Himalaya dams. Science 339:36–37

A journal article with 3 authors

Richardson AR, Libby SJ, Fang FC (2008) A nitric oxide-inducible lactate dehydrogenase enables Staphylococcus aureus to resist innate immunity. Science 319:1672–1676

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Han A, Pan F, Stroud JC, et al (2003) Sequence-specific recruitment of transcriptional co-repressor Cabin1 by myocyte enhancer factor-2. Nature 422:730–734

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Battu D (2014) New Telecom Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ciliberto C (2008) I numeri nel cuore. Springer, Milano

A chapter in an edited book

Knipping C, Reid D, Straehler-Pohl H (2015) Establishing Mathematics Classroom Culture: Concealing and Revealing the Rules of the Game. In: Gellert U, Giménez Rodríguez J, Hahn C, Kafoussi S (eds) Educational Paths to Mathematics: A C.I.E.A.E.M. Sourcebook. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 67–96

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Evolving Systems.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) National Geographic Show Its Early Picks For 2016 Nature Photographer of the Year. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/national-geographic-show-its-early-picks-for-2016-nature-photographer-of-the-year/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Internet Protocol Version 6: Federal Agencies Need to Plan for Transition and Manage Security Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia M (2009) Perception of Latino students by teachers and counselors in the educational system. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum MM, Ember S, Savage C (2017) Trump’s Urging That Comey Jail Reporters Is Denounced as an ‘Act of Intimidation.’ New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lander 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Lander 2011; Grumbine and Pandit 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grumbine and Pandit 2013)
Three or more authors: (Han et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Evolving Systems
ISSN (print)	1868-6478
ISSN (online)	1868-6486
Scope	Computer Science Applications Control and Systems Engineering Control and Optimization Modelling and Simulation