How to format your references using the Explorations in Economic History citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Explorations in Economic History. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown, J.R., 2014. Climate science: El Niño’s variable history. Nature 515, 494–495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Das, S., Kumar, A., 2014. Formation and post-formation dynamics of bacterial biofilm streamers as highly viscous liquid jets. Sci. Rep. 4, 7126.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Ha, Y., 2006. Crystal structure of a rhomboid family intramembrane protease. Nature 444, 179–180.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kenney, G.E., Dassama, L.M.K., Pandelia, M.-E., Gizzi, A.S., Martinie, R.J., Gao, P., DeHart, C.J., Schachner, L.F., Skinner, O.S., Ro, S.Y., Zhu, X., Sadek, M., Thomas, P.M., Almo, S.C., Bollinger, J.M., Jr, Krebs, C., Kelleher, N.L., Rosenzweig, A.C., 2018. The biosynthesis of methanobactin. Science 359, 1411–1416.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Will, H., 2011. »Sei naiv und mach’ ein Experiment«: Feodor Lynen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Heer, B., 2009. Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Berg, K., Conejero, J.M., Hernández, J., 2007. Analysis of Crosscutting in Early Software Development Phases Based on Traceability, in: Rashid, A., Aksit, M. (Eds.), Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development III, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 73–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Explorations in Economic History.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. Did Snakes Evolve From Ancient Sea Serpents? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/did-snakes-evolve-from-ancient-sea-serpents/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Public Education: Title I Services Provided to Students With Limited English Proficiency (No. HEHS-00-25). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Maloney, J.L., 2015. Analyzing Students’ Personal Characteristics to Determine Study Outcomes (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2011. Decade Later, Waltrip Deals With a Crash At Daytona. New York Times B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brown, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Brown, 2014; Das and Kumar, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Das and Kumar, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Kenney et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Explorations in Economic History
Abbreviation	Explor. Econ. Hist.
ISSN (print)	0014-4983
Scope	History Economics and Econometrics