How to format your references using the FEMS Microbiology Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for FEMS Microbiology Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton RN. Planetary science: Meteorites and their parent asteroids. Science 2006;313:1743–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kissa K, Herbomel P. Blood stem cells emerge from aortic endothelium by a novel type of cell transition. Nature 2010;464:112–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Snellen IAG, de Mooij EJW, Albrecht S. The changing phases of extrasolar planet CoRoT-1b. Nature 2009;459:543–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rüegg C, Cavadini N, Furrer A et al. Bose-Einstein condensation of the triplet states in the magnetic insulator TlCuCl3. Nature 2003;423:62–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sinclair E. Volatility Trading. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Azaïez M, El Fekih H, Hesthaven JS eds. Spectral and High Order Methods for Partial Differential Equations - ICOSAHOM 2012: Selected Papers from the ICOSAHOM Conference, June 25-29, 2012, Gammarth, Tunisia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao Y, Zhou W, Zhang Y et al. Clock Synchronization State Graphs Based on Clock Precision Difference. In: Hobbs M, Goscinski AM, Zhou W (eds.), Distributed and Parallel Computing: 6th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP, Melbourne, Australia, October 2-3, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, 34–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for FEMS Microbiology Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew E. Stressed Out Baby Birds Ignore Their Parents. (October 30, 2018, date last accessed)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Head Start: Further Development Could Allow Results of New Test to Be Used for Decision Making. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Naro A. The effects of the structural components of 4-H residential summer programs on the achievement of the essential elements of positive youth development and the acquisition of targeted life skills. 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J, Tsang A. Intel Fine In Europe Gets Review. New York Times. September 6, 2017:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clayton 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Clayton 2006; Kissa and Herbomel 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kissa and Herbomel 2010)
Three authors: (Snellen, de Mooij and Albrecht 2009)
4 or more authors: (Rüegg et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Abbreviation	FEMS Microbiol. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0168-6445
ISSN (online)	1574-6976
Scope	Microbiology Infectious Diseases