How to format your references using the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kirschner M. Profile: Bruce Alberts, Science’s new editor. Science. 2008 Feb;319(5867):1199.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rauschecker JP, Shannon RV. Sending sound to the brain. Science. 2002 Feb;295(5557):1025–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alford RA, Bradfield KS, Richards SJ. Ecology: global warming and amphibian losses. Nature. 2007 May;447(7144):E3-4; discussion E5-6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Eiserhardt WL, Svenning J-C, Baker WJ, Couvreur TLP, Balslev H. Dispersal and niche evolution jointly shape the geographic turnover of phylogenetic clades across continents. Sci Rep. 2013 Feb;3:1164.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malpass DB, Band EI. Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Sauvaud J-A, Němeček Z, editors. Multiscale Processes in the Earth’s Magnetosphere: From Interball to Cluster. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Cristea IA, Stefan S, David O, Mogoase C, Dobrean A. Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (RE&BT) Treatment Protocol for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents. In: Stefan S, David O, Mogoase C, Dobrean A, editors. REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 51–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Blog post

Andrew E. Researchers Identify Genetic Recipe For Lizard Tail Regeneration [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Aug

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. International Education Assistance: USAID Has Implemented Primary Grade Reading Programs but Has Not Yet Measured Progress toward Its Strategic Goal. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brown ML. Examining leadership and the laminated glass ceiling: Gender and leadership traits. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Down the Memory Hole. New York Times. 2009 Oct;A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
Abbreviation	Fetal Diagn. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1015-3837
ISSN (online)	1421-9964
Scope	General Medicine Embryology Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging