How to format your references using the First Monday citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for First Monday. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Amy E. Reines, 2014. “Astrophysics: Giant black hole in a stripped galaxy,” Nature, volume 513, number 7518, pp. 322–323.

A journal article with 2 authors

John Finney and James M. Acton, 2014. “Nuclear-weapons dismantlement: identifying a hidden warhead,” Nature, volume 510, number 7506, pp. 476–477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stephanie C. Werner, Anouck Ody and François Poulet, 2014. “The source crater of martian shergottite meteorites,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 343, number 6177, pp. 1343–1346.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Elodie Martinez, David Antoine, Fabrizio D’Ortenzio and Bernard Gentili, 2009. “Climate-driven basin-scale decadal oscillations of oceanic phytoplankton,” Science (New York, N.Y.), volume 326, number 5957, pp. 1253–1256.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thomas N. Corns, 2008. A History of Seventeenth-Century English Literature, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Mingsong Chen, 2013. System-Level Validation: High-Level Modeling and Directed Test Generation Techniques, X. Qin, H.-M. Koo and P. Mishra (editors), New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

W. Martin Williams, Jeffrey M. Giddings, John Purdy, Keith R. Solomon and John P. Giesy, 2014. “Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States,” In: J.P. Giesy and K.R. Solomon (editors). Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 77–117.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for First Monday.

Blog post

Jonathan O`Callaghan, 2016. “Boeing Delays Launch Of Its New Manned Spacecraft To 2018,” IFLScience, at https://www.iflscience.com/space/boeing-delays-launch-its-new-manned-spacecraft-2018/, accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Motor Carrier Safety: Preliminary Information on Challenges to Ensuring the Integrity of Drug Testing Programs, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grayson Ford Calhoun, 2009. Limit theory for overfit models, Doctoral dissertation, La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

James Wagner, 2016. “Mets Find Trip to Series Has Cost in Pitching Staff,” New York Times, p. B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reines, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Reines, 2014; Finney and Acton, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Finney and Acton, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Martinez et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	First Monday
ISSN (print)	1396-0466
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Law