How to format your references using the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sporn MB (2011) Perspective: The big C - for Chemoprevention. Nature 471:S10-1

A journal article with 2 authors

Rathmell JC, Newgard CB (2009) Biochemistry. A glucose-to-gene link. Science 324:1021–1022

A journal article with 3 authors

Henry GT, Fortner CK, Bastian KC (2012) The effects of experience and attrition for novice high-school science and mathematics teachers. Science 335:1118–1121

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Stassun KG, Mathieu RD, Cargile PA, et al (2008) Surprising dissimilarities in a newly formed pair of “identical twin” stars. Nature 453:1079–1082

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Geman H (2015) Agricultural Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

McCandless DW (ed) (2009) Metabolic Encephalopathy. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Griffith T, Rumble D, Mahajan P, Fidopiastis CM (2013) Bio-reckoning: Perceptual User Interface Design for Military Training. In: Schmorrow DD, Fidopiastis CM (eds) Foundations of Augmented Cognition: 7th International Conference, AC 2013, Held as Part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 31–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Legal Highs – A Look At The Growing Use Of Synthetic Drugs. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/legal-highs-look-growing-use-synthetic-drugs/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Smart Highways: An Assessment of Their Potential to Improve Travel. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards DH (2017) Why Do They Get High?: An Examination of Social Bond Theory and Substance Use in College. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Itzkoff D, Bai M, Spitznagel E, et al (2012) The One Page Magazine. New York Times MM13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sporn 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Rathmell and Newgard 2009; Sporn 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rathmell and Newgard 2009)
Three or more authors: (Stassun et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal
Abbreviation	Flex. Serv. Manuf. J.
ISSN (print)	1936-6582
ISSN (online)	1936-6590
Scope	Management Science and Operations Research Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering