How to format your references using the Food Webs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Webs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ghigo, J.M., 2001. Natural conjugative plasmids induce bacterial biofilm development. Nature 412, 442–445.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koch, S.W., Knorr, A., 2001. Applied physics. Optics in the nano-world. Science 293, 2217–2218.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kang, H., Koh, D.-Y., Lee, H., 2014. Nondestructive natural gas hydrate recovery driven by air and carbon dioxide. Sci. Rep. 4, 6616.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yan, H., Yuan, W., Velculescu, V.E., Vogelstein, B., Kinzler, K.W., 2002. Allelic variation in human gene expression. Science 297, 1143.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bittner, M., 2014. Temporality: Universals and Variation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Amaldi, E., 2012. The Adventurous Life of Friedrich Georg Houtermans, Physicist (1903-1966), SpringerBriefs in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Nanda, S., 2011. Variational Inequality and Complementarity Problem, in: Mishra, S.K. (Ed.), Topics in Nonconvex Optimization: Theory and Applications, Springer Optimization and Its Applications. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 63–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Webs.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. How Internet Porn Affects Romantic Life [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Desert Shield/Storm: U.S. Transportation Command’s Support of Operation (No. NSIAD-92-54). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bracht, K.D., 2010. Causes of nonattendance and its effect on student achievement at the high school level (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2011. Remembering Waitz, a Champion and Companion. New York Times B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ghigo, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Ghigo, 2001; Koch and Knorr, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Koch and Knorr, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Yan et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Webs
Abbreviation	Food Webs
ISSN (print)	2352-2496
Scope