How to format your references using the Free Radical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Free Radical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Grayson M. Chemistry masterclass. Nature 2013;502:S49.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Pitt JN, Ferré-D’Amaré AR. Rapid construction of empirical RNA fitness landscapes. Science 2010;330:376–379.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Friedland JC, Lee MH, Boettiger D. Mechanically activated integrin switch controls alpha5beta1 function. Science 2009;323:642–644.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Chen J-B, Gao H-W, Zhang Y-L, et al. Developmental toxicity of diclofenac and elucidation of gene regulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Sci Rep 2014;4:4841.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Quinlan J, VanderBrug J. Gender Lens Investing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Villani E. Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Supervisory Systems: A Petri Net Approach. London: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ito U, Hakamata Y, Watabe K, et al. Astrocytic Involvement in the Maturation Phenomenon After Temporary Cerebral Ischemia. In: Katayama Y, Maeda T, Kuroiwa T, editors. Brain Edema XV. Vienna: Springer; 2013. p. 23–29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Free Radical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Brain Abnormalities Discovered in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. IFLScience 2014;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highlights of a Forum: 3D Printing: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications of Additive Manufacturing. 2015;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mueller C. A Multidimensional Perspective of Faculty Mentoring and Job Satisfaction during the First Year of Teaching at Lindenwood University. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Neroulias N, Saslow L. School Districts Gird For Bad-News Budgets. New York Times 2009;WE1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Free Radical Research
Abbreviation	Free Radic. Res.
ISSN (print)	1071-5762
ISSN (online)	1029-2470
Scope	Biochemistry General Medicine