How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zala, K. (2007). Careers in behavioral science. Public opinion research: measuring happiness. Science 316, 1060–1061.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hochedlinger, K., and Jaenisch, R. (2006). Nuclear reprogramming and pluripotency. Nature 441, 1061–1067.

A journal article with 3 authors

Callier, V., Clack, J. A., and Ahlberg, P. E. (2009). Contrasting developmental trajectories in the earliest known tetrapod forelimbs. Science 324, 364–367.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang, J., Jin, Z., Sun, G.-Q., Sun, X.-D., Wang, Y.-M., and Huang, B. (2014). Determination of original infection source of H7N9 avian influenza by dynamical model. Sci. Rep. 4, 4846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Broekaert, J. A. C. (2005). Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Kassinos, S. C., Langer, C. A., Iaccarino, G., and Moin, P. eds. (2007). Complex Effects in Large Eddy Simulations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Noureldin, A., Karamat, T. B., and Georgy, J. (2013). “Inertial Navigation System,” in Fundamentals of Inertial Navigation, Satellite-based Positioning and their Integration, eds. T. B. Karamat and J. Georgy (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 125–166.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016). The Lessons We Need To Learn To Deal With The ‘Creeping Disaster’ Of Drought. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-lessons-we-need-to-learn-to-deal-with-the-creeping-disaster-of-drought/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982). Trends in Evaluation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Valdez, K. (2015). Taking a closer look at the mental health services act of 2004: A policy analysis. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herrman, J. (2017). Counter Offensive. New York Times, MM11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zala, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Hochedlinger and Jaenisch, 2006; Zala, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hochedlinger and Jaenisch, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis
Abbreviation	Front. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	2234-943X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology