How to format your references using the Frontiers in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Swaminathan, M. S. (2009). Obituary: Norman E. Borlaug (1914-2009). Nature 461, 894.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gehrels, N., and Mészáros, P. (2012). Gamma-ray bursts. Science 337, 932–936.

A journal article with 3 authors

Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y., and Dunn, B. (2014). Materials science. Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin? Science 343, 1210–1211.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Oury, F., Murakami, Y., Renaud, J.-S., Pasqualetti, M., Charnay, P., Ren, S.-Y., et al. (2006). Hoxa2- and rhombomere-dependent development of the mouse facial somatosensory map. Science 313, 1408–1413.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang, W., Chou, X., Shi, T., Ma, Z., Bao, H., Chen, J., et al. (2016). Measurement Technology for Micro-Nanometer Devices. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Costenoble, S. R. (2016). Equivariant Ordinary Homology and Cohomology., ed. S. Waner. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Nguyen, L. H. V., and Bonnet, C. (2014). “Stabilization of Some Fractional Neutral Delay Systems Which Possibly Possess an Infinite Number of Unstable Poles,” in Low-Complexity Controllers for Time-Delay Systems, eds. A. Seuret, H. Özbay, C. Bonnet, and H. Mounier (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 47–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Prescription Drugs Could Influence Moral Decisions. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/some-prescription-drugs-may-influence-moral-decisions/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990). Tax System Modernization: Management Mistakes Caused Delays in Automated Underreporter System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stanton, B. (2009). On location: Race and family in the poetry of Sonia Sanchez, June Jordan, and Cathy Song. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. (2013). An E.V. That Wraps Around a Wheelchair. New York Times, AU2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Swaminathan, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Swaminathan, 2009; Gehrels and Mészáros, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gehrels and Mészáros, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Oury et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Education
Abbreviation	Front. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2504-284X
Scope