How to format your references using the Frontiers in Energy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Energy Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McNally, R. J. (2006). Psychology. Psychiatric casualties of war. Science 313, 923–924.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bramwell, S. T., and Gingras, M. J. (2001). Spin ice state in frustrated magnetic pyrochlore materials. Science 294, 1495–1501.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lin, X., Clark, A. C., and Chan, M. H. W. (2007). Probable heat capacity signature of the supersolid transition. Nature 449, 1025–1028.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ko, M., Huang, Y., Jankowska, A. M., Pape, U. J., Tahiliani, M., Bandukwala, H. S., et al. (2010). Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with mutant TET2. Nature 468, 839–843.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Porter, A. L., and Cunningham, S. W. (2004). Tech Mining. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kallsen, J., and Papapantoleon, A. eds. (2016). Advanced Modelling in Mathematical Finance: In Honour of Ernst Eberlein. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Prusinski, B., Phillips, S., and Chung, R. (2011). “Advanced Features,” in Expert Oracle GoldenGate, eds. S. Phillips and R. Chung (Berkeley, CA: Apress), 85–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Energy Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Are Plastics Making Men Infertile? IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/are-plastics-making-men-infertile/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000). Critical Infrastructure Protection: Comments on the Proposed Cyber Security Information Act of 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, J. (2012). The work expectations of individuals with developmental disabilities. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2002). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Putin Removes Official. New York Times, A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McNally, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Bramwell and Gingras, 2001; McNally, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bramwell and Gingras, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Ko et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Energy Research
Abbreviation	Front. Energy Res.
ISSN (online)	2296-598X
Scope