How to format your references using the Frontiers in Exercise Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Exercise Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gravitz, L. (2014). Liver cancer. Nature 516, S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Percec, I., and Bartolomei, M. S. (2002). Genetics. Do X chromosomes set boundaries? Science 295, 287–288.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gray, R. D., Drummond, A. J., and Greenhill, S. J. (2009). Language phylogenies reveal expansion pulses and pauses in Pacific settlement. Science 323, 479–483.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Hughes, L., McIntyre, S., Lindenmayer, D. B., Parmesan, C., Possingham, H. P., et al. (2008). Ecology. Assisted colonization and rapid climate change. Science 321, 345–346.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Storhas, W. (2013). Bioverfahrensentwicklung. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Khalilpour, K. R. (2016). Community Energy Networks With Storage: Modeling Frameworks for Distributed Generation., ed. A. Vassallo. Singapore: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Buehl, M. M. (2008). “Assessing the Multidimensionality of Students’ Epistemic Beliefs Across Diverse Cultures,” in Knowing, Knowledge and Beliefs: Epistemological Studies across Diverse Cultures, ed. M. S. Khine (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 65–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Exercise Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Trapping Light In A “Tornado” Could Have Major Implications. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015). Air Travel and Communicable Diseases: Comprehensive Federal Plan Needed for U.S. Aviation System’s Preparedness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parhad, A. (2015). Energy scavenging using piezoelectric sensors to power in pavement intelligent vehicle detection systems. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alexander, K. (2011). What Should I Stop Buying and Make Instead? New York Times, MM48.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gravitz, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Percec and Bartolomei, 2002; Gravitz, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Percec and Bartolomei, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Exercise Physiology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)