How to format your references using the Frontiers in Immunotherapies and Vaccines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Immunotherapies and Vaccines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brandenberger, R. (2007). Astronomy. A texture in the sky? Science 318, 1560–1561.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chester, T. L., and Parcher, J. F. (2001). Tech.Sight. Blurring the boundaries. Science 291, 502–503.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mukandavire, Z., Smith, D. L., and Morris, J. G., Jr (2013). Cholera in Haiti: reproductive numbers and vaccination coverage estimates. Sci. Rep. 3, 997.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Louca, D., Park, K., Li, B., Neuefeind, J., and Yan, J. (2013). The hybrid lattice of K(x)Fe(2-y)Se2: where superconductivity and magnetism coexist. Sci. Rep. 3, 2047.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Matthews, C. (1998). A Practical Guide to Engineering Failure Investigation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gershon, E. (2013). Advanced Topics in Control and Estimation of State-Multiplicative Noisy Systems., ed. U. Shaked. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Whitlow, C. B. (2014). “Endoscopy,” in The ASCRS Manual of Colon and Rectal Surgery, eds. D. E. Beck, S. D. Wexner, T. L. Hull, P. L. Roberts, T. J. Saclarides, A. J. Senagore, et al. (New York, NY: Springer), 79–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Immunotherapies and Vaccines.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017). The Ganges And Yamuna Rivers Given Same Legal Rights As Humans. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999). Schools And Libraries Program: Actions Taken to Improve Operational Procedures Prior to Committing Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hume, D. M. (2010). The reader as collaborator in Coleridge’s fragments “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”, “Christabel,” and “Kubla Khan”: Kindling “Native flames” rather than reflecting “Alien fires.” Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2006). Detainee Case Will Pose Delicate Question for Court. New York Times, A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brandenberger, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Chester and Parcher, 2001; Brandenberger, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chester and Parcher, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Louca et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Immunotherapies and Vaccines
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope