How to format your references using the Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fischer, A. (2014). Gene therapy: Repair and replace. Nature 510, 226–227.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hattori, M., and Gouaux, E. (2012). Molecular mechanism of ATP binding and ion channel activation in P2X receptors. Nature 485, 207–212.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gordon, A. L., Susanto, R. D., and Vranes, K. (2003). Cool Indonesian throughflow as a consequence of restricted surface layer flow. Nature 425, 824–828.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen, J., Upadhyaya, N. M., Ortiz, D., Sperschneider, J., Li, F., Bouton, C., et al. (2017). Loss of AvrSr50 by somatic exchange in stem rust leads to virulence for Sr50 resistance in wheat. Science 358, 1607–1610.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gaisford, S., and Saunders, M. (2012). Essentials of Pharmaceutical Preformulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Rutkowski, L., Korytkowski, M., Scherer, R., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zadeh, L. A., and Zurada, J. M. eds. (2016). Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: 15th International Conference, ICAISC 2016, Zakopane, Poland, June 12-16, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Makna, J., and Kirikova, M. (2011). “Patterns-Based IS Change Management in SMEs,” in Information Systems Development: Asian Experiences, eds. W. W. Song, S. Xu, C. Wan, Y. Zhong, W. Wojtkowski, G. Wojtkowski, et al. (New York, NY: Springer), 55–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Pharma Use Loophole To Hike Up The Price Of Drugs – So Why Doesn’t The NHS Stop It? IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/pharma-use-loophole-hike-price-drugs-so-why-doesn-t-nhs-stop-it/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997). International Aviation: Competition Issues in the U.S.-U.K. Market. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meaux, B. (2015). Effect of Formation Deformation on Casing Standoff in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robertson, C. (2017). No Stranger to Flooding, One Town Suffers Again. New York Times, A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fischer, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hattori and Gouaux, 2012; Fischer, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hattori and Gouaux, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al., 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)